Substrate-triggered ESD clamp devices for use in power-rail ESD clamp circuits

New electrostatic discharge (ESD) clamp devices for using in power-rail ESD clamp circuits with the substratetriggered technique are proposed to improve ESD level in a limited silicon area. The parasitic n–p–n and p–n–p bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) in the CMOS devices are used to form the substrate-triggered devices for ESD protection. Four substrate-triggered devices are proposed and investigated in this work, which are named as the substrate-triggered lateral BJT, the substrate-triggered vertical BJT, the substrate-triggered double BJT, and the double-triggered double BJT. An RC-based ESD-detection circuit is used to generate the triggering current to turn on the proposed substratetriggered devices. In order to trigger on the parasitic bipolar transistors more effectively, the symmetric multiple-cell square-type layout method is used to realize these substrate-triggered devices. The power-rail ESD clamp circuits with such substrate-triggered devices have been fabricated in a 0.6-lm CMOS process. Experimental results have shown that the substrate-triggered device with double-BJT structure can provide 200% higher ESD robustness in per silicon area, as compared to the NMOS with the traditional gate-driven design. 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.